Pericarditis is the inflammation of one or all layers of pericardium . The unlike layers of pericardium are parietal ( outer level ) , middle fluid stratum ( prevents friction between the knocked out and the inner layer ) , and splanchnic ( inner layer ) pericardium . Pericardium surrounds the heart and holds it into place when in motion . contagion , heart attack , hurt , warmness OR , cancer , radiation , autoimmune disease , and sure drugs can cause it .
Pericarditis mostly stimulate acute bureau pain and can cause dull pectus pain that might diversify from the middle of the chest to the cervix / back orbit . The bureau nuisance decline on lying down , swallowing or cough , but is relieved on seat tumid . Other symptoms includeshortness of breathing spell , increased heart rate , sore breathing , difficulty take back , fatigue duty , febrility , chills , andmalaise . Men , between the ages of 20 to 50 days , are at a greater risk of developing pericarditis and around 20 to 30 % may have a recurrence of pericarditis .
The diagnosing of pericarditis is done after evaluating medical account , probe the patient for signs and blood test . imagery such as chestX - ray , electrocardiogram , echocardiogram , or CT spunk can also be done to look at the heart and tissue layer . The discussion of pericarditis includesNSAIDssuch as ibuprofen and naproxen for pain and inflammation , steroids for severe inflammation , antibiotic for bacterial contagion and colchicine for repetitive and prolonged symptom of pericarditis .
If pericarditis is get out untreated then it inevitably does not damage the tenderness , but may precede to sure complications such as cardiac tamponade and limiting pericarditis . Cardiac tamponage is the accrual of large amount of money of fluid inside the pericardiac theca that affects the heart causing decreased blood pressure and alteration of heart map . Cardiac tamponade requires immediate drain of fluid known as pericardiocentesis and if fluid is not drained from the pericardial sac then the patient might show foretoken of shock , hypotension or evencongestive heart failure .
Untreated pericarditis could also lead to constrictive pericarditis . It is a continuing inflammation of pericardium that leads to scarring and thickening of the pericardium . The elasticity of the pericardium is lost , which makes it rigid and difficult for the heart to run properly . The symptom of constrictive pericarditis include trouble breathing , shortness of breath , weariness , swelling of extremity , dresser pain , low - grade fever , unexplained weighting gain , and irregular instant ( atrial fibrillation ) .
Constrictive pericarditis is idiopathic in nature . The other potential cause may include heart operation , tuberculosis , actinotherapy therapy to the chest , viral / bacterial infection . limiting pericarditis is make due to rigidness of the pericardium due to which it is ineffective to expand properly , which prevents the heart sleeping room from fill up with blood completely that might lead to spirit loser symptoms .
Constrictive pericarditis is an highly rare condition in adults as well as in small fry , but people who are not treated for pericarditis are at a keen peril of developing limiting pericarditis . Other danger factors include autoimmune disease ( lupusandrheumatoid arthritis ) , trauma to centre , and sure medications .
limiting pericarditis is difficult to diagnose as it is most often confused with other heart conditions such as cardiac tamponade or restrictive cardiomyopathy and is often misdiagnosed . mental imagery such as chestX - ray , MRI , CT scan , cardiac catheterisation , electrocardiogram , andechocardiogrammay be done for further diagnosing of restricting pericarditis .
The intervention of narrowing pericarditis is focused on improving ticker function and to relieve signs and symptoms . diuretic may be used to remove fluent buildup in the extremities , pain medicament for pain embossment , antiinflammatories for the reduction of inflammation , economic consumption of colchicine and/or steroid hormone . The patient is also advised to perch and deoxidise the inspiration of salt in his / her diet . If symptoms do not improve with medicine then the last haunt is pericardiectomy , which is the remotion of the scarred share of the pericardium . The affected role does contribute a good for you life after proper discussion of constrictive pericarditis , but it is proficient to prevent this complication and be treated for pericarditis to avoid progress to narrowing pericarditis .